Criminal sanctions and the Return Directive: the CJEU’s ruling in Celaj clarifies an incestuous relationship
28 Wednesday Oct 2015
by Marie Garcia*, CDRE 
On 1 October 2015, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down its ruling in the Celaj case. The Court’s judgment, which did not follow the opinion of the Advocate General, adeptly frames the context of the debate on the process of criminalising immigration law in EU Member States. Specifically, the case required the European Union’s judicial authority to answer the question of whether national criminal law applies in the area of returns or whether the the law on returns is governed only by EU law and its respective sanctions. Continue reading »




